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Network & internet guides

Plain-English help for the things that go wrong — Wi-Fi drops, slow internet, lag, DNS — plus the basics explained simply. No sign-up.

🔎 Free tools: Is it DNS? · DNS lookup (compare resolvers) · Find your real IP (behind any VPN/proxy)
🧰 Network troubleshooting toolkit — cable testers & gear, bargain → pro picks.

📶 Troubleshooting series — OSI Layers 1–7

The pro method: work the stack bottom-up to pin a fault to one layer.

Start here — the layered method Layer 1: Physical (cables & link) Layer 2: Data Link (MAC, switches, VLANs) Layer 3: Network (IP, routing, ping) Layer 4: Transport (TCP/UDP, ports) Layer 5: Session Layer 6: Presentation (TLS & certs) Layer 7: Application (DNS, HTTP, email)

🛒 Gear & buyer's guides

Troubleshooting toolkit (testers & tools) Best Wi-Fi router Best mesh Wi-Fi system Best Wi-Fi access point Best network switch Best cable modem (stop renting) Best firewall Best network monitoring for small IT teams Best NAS Best PoE security camera Best UPS (battery backup)

Fix a problem

Is it the network or the machine? The 60-second method Weak Wi-Fi signal & dead spots Why does my Wi-Fi keep disconnecting? Internet keeps cutting out Wi-Fi connected but no internet My PC will not connect to Wi-Fi but everything else will Why is my ping so high? (lag & jitter) How to read a tracert and find where the delay starts Why streaming keeps buffering Ethernet not working (or slower than Wi-Fi) Is my internet down, or is it just me? Is it my router or modem? Not getting the speed you pay for Is the website down, or just me? How to test your internet connection

Your home network & security

What's connected to my network? Is someone stealing my Wi-Fi? Find your router's IP (gateway) How to secure your home network

Wi-Fi & wireless

How to fix Wi-Fi (step by step) How to choose the best Wi-Fi channel WPA2 vs WPA3 (Wi-Fi security) Wi-Fi 6, 6E & Wi-Fi 7 explained Mesh vs extender vs access point How to do a Wi-Fi site survey How to configure your router Best apps for troubleshooting (iOS/Android)

DNS

Best DNS server to use How to change your DNS (step by step) Fastest DNS for gaming: the truth

Networking basics

What is DNS? What is an IP address? What is a subnet? What is a MAC address? Router vs modem vs gateway Bandwidth vs speed vs latency 2.4GHz vs 5GHz (and Wi-Fi 6) What is a VPN & a firewall? Public vs private IP addresses How to find your IP address What is a port (& port forwarding)? What is NAT? IPv4 vs IPv6 What is a default gateway?

Speed & connection

How to read a speed test What is a good internet speed? What is jitter (and why calls drop)? What is packet loss (and how to fix it)?

Email & deliverability

What is an MX record? What is SPF? What is DKIM? What is DMARC? Why does my email go to spam?

Security & certificates

What is an SSL/TLS certificate? What is a hash (MD5, SHA-256)? How to check if a file is malware Why is my IP blacklisted?

Lookups & protocols

What is WHOIS? What is an ASN? What is reverse DNS (PTR)? What is SNMP (and OIDs)?